The high court acted in a one-line order without further comment.
Lawyers for a group seeking to intervene in the case had asked Justice Anthony Kennedy to postpone the judge’s ruling to allow more time for an appeal.
The group, the National Organization for Marriage (NOM), supports retaining the traditional definition of marriage of a union between one man and one woman.
Justice Kennedy requested briefs from Oregon officials and the same-sex couples who had filed the initial lawsuits. Oregon officials had ceased to defend the ban in the case before the federal court, calling the measure unconstitutional, and both the state and the couples urged the Supreme Court to reject the stay request.
“The application for stay presented to Justice Kennedy and by him referred to the Court is denied,” the order said in its entirety.